Prime Intellect has released Prime Mega MoE, a training extension of DeepSeek’s fused Mega MoE kernel. DeepSeek’s kernel only ran the forward pass. Prime Intellect added a fast, overlapping backward pass. That makes the fused kernel usable for training, not just inference. In its prime-rl trainer, full training steps on Qwen3 MoE models run up to 34% faster. Against TorchTitan, the gain reaches 55%. For teams training mixture-of-experts (MoE) models, that is a direct cut in GPU hours.
TL;DR
- Size: A GPU kernel, not a model. Tested on Qwen3-30B-A3B and Qwen3-235B-A22B (128 experts, top-8 routing).
- Runs on: NVIDIA Hopper (blockwise FP8) and Blackwell (MXFP8) GPUs, BF16 on both. Published numbers use 8×H200 nodes, 32 to 128 GPUs.
- Performance: 32% to 34% faster full training steps than the prime-rl baseline. 48% to 55% faster than TorchTitan.
- Best: 3.11x faster forward pass on a Qwen3-30B-A3B MoE layer (12.0 ms to 3.9 ms).
- Worst: 1.24x backward pass on a Qwen3-235B-A22B MoE layer (30.5 ms to 24.6 ms).
What is Prime Mega MoE?
Prime Mega MoE is a fused, overlapping MoE kernel for training from Prime Intellect. It builds on the Mega MoE kernel in DeepSeek’s open-source DeepGEMM library.
Why is MoE training communication-bound?
In an MoE model, each token goes to a small subset of experts. Those experts sit on different GPUs. So every layer sends tokens out, runs expert math, and sends results back. This happens in the forward pass and again in the backward pass.
In a standard setup, these are separate operations. The GPU sorts tokens and waits on the transport layer. Then it computes, hands results back, and waits again. Those waits are idle GPU time.
How does the fused kernel work?
DeepSeek’s Mega MoE, added to DeepGEMM in April 2026, replaces that chain with one kernel call. It fuses expert-parallel dispatch, the 2 expert linear layers, SwiGLU, and combine. While one token group is in transit, the kernel computes on a group that already arrived. It also skips intermediate tensors by using GPU-only scratch buffers. But it only shipped a forward implementation.
Prime Intellect wrote the missing backward kernel, also overlapping. Supported types are BF16, MXFP8 (Blackwell only) and blockwise FP8 (Hopper only). The prime-rl config also exposes an fp8_bwd mode: BF16 forward, FP8 backward.